[Prism54-devel] RFC: wifi_modes.txt v0.1
Denis Vlasenko
vda at port.imtp.ilyichevsk.odessa.ua
Tue Mar 22 08:59:48 UTC 2005
An attempt to describe for mere humans (myself including)
how 802.11 stations interact with each other.
Comments, additions, corrections, questions welcome.
Answers are sought too (grep for Q1 etc below).
Info is collected from 802.11 .pdf manuals
and packet dumps of wireless traffic of hosts
with Prism2.5 802.11b PCI cards (hostap driver).
Capture decoded by:
# tcpdump --version
tcpdump version 3.8
libpcap version 0.8
State names are not standard, I just picked ones which
were descriptive.
============================================================
OFF
---
Inactive
MONITOR
-------
Just receive anything which looks like valid 802.11 packet.
============================================================
IBSS_SCAN (initialization of ad-hoc mode)
-----------------------------------------
Host is sending probe requests with desired ESSID and supported rates,
and/or scanning for IBSS beacons from another peer.
BSSID is obtained from probe responses or is randomly generated
if no response was heard in ~0.5 sec, thus forming new IBSS cell.
Then host goes into IBSS_PEER mode.
PEER PEER
Probe Request --->
<-- Probe Response
(ack)------------>
Q1: hostap transmits probes with ratevector where basic rates are flagged
(ORed with 0x80). Is this standard compliant?
Q2: hostap cards do not send ack for probe request. Packet dump suggests that
sender was expecting ack (or else why do we see retransmits?)
Q3: what are the matching rules for peer/peer basic/oper rates compatibility?
Q4: hostap use BSSID=mac|0x020000000000. Is this mandated by standard?
IBSS_PEER (ad-hoc mode)
-----------------------
sending IBSS beacons advertising basic+oper rates,
ESSID (if not hidden), WEP policy, channel.
Host shall monitor presence of peer's beacons.
If there is no peer for ~10sec, go to IBSS_SCAN mode.
Note that this WILL lead to BSSID change if peer will not be found.
If host goes away (i.e. reconfigured by user), no notification
to peers is sent.
Q1: Does ad-hoc support more than 2 peers?
Example of IBSS_SCAN host trying to find a peer,
but failing to do so and going into IBSS_PEER mode.
14:25:46.276798 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:25:46.292464 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:25:46.387912 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:25:46.404364 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:25:46.499146 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:25:46.594418 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:25:46.759099 0us BSSID:02:09:24:74:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
14:25:46.861620 0us BSSID:02:09:24:74:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
Example of IBSS_SCAN host finding already running IBSS_PEER host
15:55:47.852127 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:47.954665 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.055819 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:55:48.056608 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.056867 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:55:48.057385 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.119174 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.119974 Retry 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.122719 Retry 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.159215 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.181668 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.261952 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.306960 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:55:48.307946 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.308870 Retry 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.310102 Retry 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.311571 1294us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 TA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Request-To-Send
15:55:48.315581 1294us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 TA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Request-To-Send
15:55:48.315905 980us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Clear-To-Send
15:55:48.316575 Retry 314us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.316898 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:55:48.363950 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.371313 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.372740 Retry 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.466393 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.511390 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:55:48.512463 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.512727 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:55:48.568781 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.606621 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:55:48.607626 258us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.607888 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:55:48.671454 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.773862 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.876098 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:48.978583 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.080894 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.183262 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.285720 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.388338 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.490760 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.593332 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.695457 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.797833 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:49.900215 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:50.002827 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:50.105018 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:55:50.207678 0us BSSID:02:09:8d:49:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
Example of IBSS_PEER host going into IBSS_SCAN mode because peer
hasn't sent beacons for ~10 seconds. Note BSSID change:
16:18:00.161426 0us BSSID:02:09:ad:be:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:00.264030 0us BSSID:02:09:ad:be:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:00.366619 0us BSSID:02:09:ad:be:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:00.379105 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
16:18:00.490610 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
16:18:00.602321 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
16:18:00.651306 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
16:18:00.821196 0us BSSID:02:09:07:cd:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:00.923637 0us BSSID:02:09:07:cd:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:01.026363 0us BSSID:02:09:07:cd:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:01.128700 0us BSSID:02:09:07:cd:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:01.230828 0us BSSID:02:09:07:cd:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
16:18:01.333167 0us BSSID:02:09:07:cd:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] IBSS CH: 1, PRIVACY
============================================================
AP (master mode)
----------------
Sending ESS beacons advertising basic+oper rates,
ESSID (if not hidden), WEP policy, channel
Example of AP emitting beacons.
14:43:13.842764 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
14:43:13.943998 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
14:43:14.046397 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
14:43:14.149145 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
STA_SCAN (initialization of managed mode)
-----------------------------------------
sending probe requests with desired ESSID and supported rates,
and/or scanning for ESS beacons from AP(s).
this should be repeated until AP is found (no timeout, unlike IBSS_SCAN!).
If AP is found, STA associates with it, like this:
STA AP
Probe Request --->
<-- Probe Response
(ack)------------>
Authentication1-->
<------------(ack)
<--Authentication2
(ack)------------>
Assoc Request---->
<------------(ack)
<---Assoc Response
(ack)------------>
Q1: packet dump showd that ratevector in STA_SCAN probe request
has basic rates flagged. Is this per-standard?
Q2: hostap cards do not send ack for probe request. Packet dump suggests that
sender was expecting it (or else why do we see retransmits?)
Q3: what are the matching rules for AP/STA basic/oper rates compatibility?
STA_ASSOC (managed mode)
------------------------
Host is said to be 'associated' with an AP.
AP can kick STA_ASSOC by sending 'deauth' frame.
(Of course, STA_ASSOC may leave by itself, if user switches STA into another mode)
Example of STA_SCAN host sending probes
14:46:29.270170 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:46:29.286850 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:46:29.336559 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
14:46:29.353211 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
Example of STA_SCAN authenticating with AP
15:27:02.234572 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.336669 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.373848 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:27:02.374409 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.374665 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:27:02.436820 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.437645 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.439108 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.531253 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:27:02.531796 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.533244 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.533515 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:27:02.541708 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.594703 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.595693 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.643849 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.689027 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:27:02.689625 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.689895 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:27:02.746628 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.784449 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.848851 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.945603 61686us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Authentication (Open System)-1: Succesful
15:27:02.945864 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:27:02.951532 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:02.951895 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Authentication (Open System)-2:
15:27:02.952566 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:27:02.952804 57428us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Assoc Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:27:02.953069 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:27:03.053733 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:03.054309 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Assoc Response AID(1) :: Succesful
15:27:03.054579 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:27:03.156429 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:03.258692 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:27:03.360727 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
Example of STA_ASSOC leaving (because it was swithced to MONITOR mode by user)
15:30:19.995151 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:30:20.097738 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:30:20.115453 61750us BSSID:7b:46:95:9c:94:c2 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 DeAuthentication: Deauthenticated because sending station is leaving (or has left) IBSS or ESS
15:30:20.115704 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:30:20.200051 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:30:20.302585 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
Example of STA_ASSOC being kicked from AP
STA_ASSOC goes into STA_SCAN state and tries to reassociate with AP
In this example it succeeds
15:35:53.454041 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:53.556483 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:53.556982 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DeAuthentication: Previous authentication no longer valid
15:35:53.557282 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:35:53.659066 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:53.761475 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:53.863555 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:53.966270 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.068417 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.170634 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.273075 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.375801 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.477861 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.580628 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.606557 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:35:54.607558 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.607815 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:35:54.669581 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.670672 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.673201 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.682700 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.785105 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.875466 0us BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Probe Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:35:54.875993 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.876781 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.877046 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:35:54.887944 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.938953 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.939945 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.941876 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.943481 1262us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Request-To-Send
15:35:54.947500 1262us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Request-To-Send
15:35:54.971461 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:54.990232 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.033810 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.035368 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.038157 Retry 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.040576 1262us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Request-To-Send
15:35:55.041534 Retry 314us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Probe Response (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.042709 1262us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Request-To-Send
15:35:55.092357 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.122116 61686us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Authentication (Open System)-1: Succesful
15:35:55.122371 690us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:35:55.195261 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.196069 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Authentication (Open System)-2:
15:35:55.196360 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:35:55.196927 57428us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 SA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Assoc Request (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit]
15:35:55.197197 0us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 Acknowledgment
15:35:55.297270 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.297921 258us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Assoc Response AID(1) :: Succesful
15:35:55.298203 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
15:35:55.399649 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
15:35:55.502403 0us BSSID:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Beacon (mon) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5 11.0 Mbit] ESS CH: 1, PRIVACY
============================================================
WDS_PEER
--------
Hosts pass special 4-address packets suitable for bridging.
WDS links typically are configured statically. I.e. there is no
on-air protocol for establishing a WDS link. Host just 'knows'
that there exist a WDS peer with known MAC address.
Usage:
A host in STA_ASSOC state sends a packet to AP:
BSSID: AP mac
SA: STA mac
DA: dst mac
AP looks up dst mac in STA list but it is not there.
But AP has WDS link to AP2 configured.
Kernel bridging code sends packet over WDS link:
TA: AP mac
RA: AP2 mac
SA: STA mac
DA: dst mac
AP2 can (hopefully) find dst mac to forward packet to,
and also will know where it come from (by looking at SA).
However, I found it very useful that I can just use WDS links
as additional 'wire' between APs. I can use plain old routing
to pass traffic thru it. Thus 4-address woodoo is unused.
Unlike IBSS_xxx, AP, STA_xxx modes, WDS_PEER mode
isn't a dedicated iwconfig mode. Instead, with hostap
it can be configured using 'iwpriv <iface> wds_add <mac>'.
WDS link then appears as a new network interface.
Example of ping from WDS_PEER host thru peer to some entity with dst mac 00:11:22:33:44:55
17:01:17.582993 WEP Encrypted 258us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:11:22:33:44:55 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Data IV:3aaaa Pad 0 KeyID 0
17:01:17.583200 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
17:01:18.583027 WEP Encrypted 258us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:11:22:33:44:55 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Data IV:3aaaa Pad 0 KeyID 0
17:01:18.583219 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
17:01:19.582534 WEP Encrypted 258us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:11:22:33:44:55 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Data IV:3aaaa Pad 0 KeyID 0
17:01:19.582727 0us RA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Acknowledgment
NB: With hostap, WDS link is not functional if 'parent' interface is in
MONITOR mode. Sent packets will have zero DA and acks won't be sent at all:
17:04:13.269997 WEP Encrypted 314us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:00:00:00:00:00 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Data IV:14b6ed Pad 14 KeyID 1
17:04:13.272690 Retry WEP Encrypted 314us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:00:00:00:00:00 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Data IV:14b6ed Pad 14 KeyID 1
17:04:13.276709 Retry WEP Encrypted 314us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 DA:00:00:00:00:00:00 SA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Data IV:14b6ed Pad 14 KeyID 1
17:04:13.277750 1838us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Request-To-Send
17:04:13.282621 1838us RA:00:09:5b:67:8f:70 TA:00:09:5b:68:2b:d7 Request-To-Send
That's why there is a 'repeater' iwconfig mode which exists in order to
support 'WDS-only' hosts, i.e. hosts which have only WDS_PEER functionality.
Luckily, WDS links will function on hostap if 'parent' interface
is in master, managed or ad-hoc mode, too.
--
vda
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